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1 marketing
марк., рек., збут n маркетинг; організація збуту; реалізація; збут; система збуту; торгівля; a маркетинговий; збутовийсистема організації підприємницької діяльності, що орієнтується на врахування вимог ринку та активний вплив на попит з метою розширення збуту товарів; ♦ на організаційному рівні маркетинг охоплює великий спектр діяльності, пов'язаний з рекламуванням (advertising¹), стимулюванням збуту (promotion¹), плануванням (planning), стимулюванням сфери торгівлі (merchandising), реалізацією (sales¹) товарів чи послуг, їх популяризацією (publicity¹) тощо═════════■═════════agricultural marketing сільськогосподарський маркетинг • маркетинг сільськогосподарської продукції; brand — маркетинг товарної марки; competitive marketing конкурентний маркетинг • маркетинг конкурентів; concentrated marketing концентрований маркетинг; consumer marketing маркетинг на споживчому ринку; consumer-orientated marketing маркетинг з орієнтацією на споживача; cooperative marketing спільний маркетинг • збут через систему кооперативів; corporate marketing маркетинг корпорацій • корпоративний маркетинг; counteractive marketing протидіючий маркетинг; data-driven marketing маркетинг, керований потоком даних; direct marketing прямий маркетинг • збут без посередників; domestic marketing маркетинг на внутрішньому ринку; domicile marketing маркетинг житла; electronic marketing електронний маркетинг; export marketing маркетинг експорту; foreign marketing маркетинг на закордонних ринках; full-scale marketing повномас-штабний маркетинг; generic marketing маркетинг немарочних товарів; global marketing; industrial marketing промисловий маркетинг; innovative marketing новаторський маркетинг; integrated marketing інтегрований маркетинг; international marketing міжнародний маркетинг; joint marketing спільний маркетинг; local marketing маркетинг на місцевому рівні; mass marketing масовий маркетинг; media marketing маркетинг засобів поширення інформації • маркетинг засобів реклами; multistep marketing багатоступеневий маркетинг; national marketing загальнонаціональний маркетинг; niche marketing; non-profit marketing маркетинг некомерційних організацій • маркетинг у сфері некомерційної діяльності; one-step marketing одноступеневий маркетинг; political marketing політичний маркетинг; product marketing товарний маркетинг; product-differentiated marketing товарно диференційований маркетинг; publishing marketing маркетинг видавничої діяльності • книжковий ринок • видавничий маркетинг; regional marketing місцевий маркетинг • регіональний збут • маркетинг регіонального масштабу; retail marketing роздрібний маркетинг • маркетинг у сфері роздрібної торгівлі; scientific marketing науковий маркетинг; service marketing маркетинг послуг; social marketing суспільний маркетинг; target marketing цільовий маркетинг; test marketing пробний маркетинг; video marketing відеомаркетинг; world marketing всесвітній маркетинг • маркетинг у світовому масштабі═════════□═════════marketing activities діяльність у галузі маркетингу • маркетингова діяльність; marketing agreement угода про збут продукції; marketing analysis аналіз збуту; marketing association збутова асоціація; marketing audit перевірка збуту • ревізія збуту; marketing board рада з маркетингу; marketing budget бюджет маркетингу • маркетинговий бюджет; marketing campaign кампанія організації й стимулювання збуту; marketing cartel картель у сфері збуту продукції; marketing competition конкуренція за ринки збуту; marketing concept маркетингове поняття; marketing contribution сприяння збуту продукції; marketing contol регулювання збуту • керування маркетингом; marketing cooperative збутовий кооператив; marketing costs витрати збуту • маркетингові витрати; marketing department комерційний відділ • відділ збуту; marketing director директор відділу збуту • завідувач відділу збуту; marketing effort маркетинговий захід • захід у сфері організації і стимулювання збуту; marketing environment маркетингове середовище; marketing executive спеціаліст у галузі маркетингу; marketing exhibition торговельна виставка; marketing expenses витрати збуту; marketing information system система маркетингової інформації; marketing manager завідувач відділу збуту; marketing method метод збуту продукції; marketing mix; marketing organization збутова організація; marketing plan план збуту продукції; marketing policy політика в галузі збуту • стратегія в галузі збуту; marketing possibilities можливості маркетингу • можливості збуту; marketing potential сподівана реалізація • потенціал маркетингу; marketing practice методика маркетингу; marketing purpose мета маркетингу; marketing research маркетингові дослідження • аналіз можливостей збуту; marketing scheme програма збуту продукції • система маркетингу; marketing strategy маркетингова стратегія • стратегія маркетингу; marketing syndicate синдикат у сфері збуту • маркетинговий синдикат; marketing team маркетингова команда; marketing technique методи маркетингуmarketing ‡ business organization (384)═════════◇═════════маркетинг < англ. marketing < market — ринок, збут* * *маркетинг; реалізація; збут -
2 marketing
noun ((the study of) the processes by which anything may be sold: He is in charge of marketing; ( also adjective) marketing methods.) markedsføring; salgs-Isubst. \/ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ\/1) ( handel) markedsføring, salg, salgsadministrasjon2) (torg)handel, torgkjøp3) innkjøp (av dagligvarer)do one's marketing handle, gjøre innkjøpIIadj. \/ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ\/1) markedsførings-, salgs-2) avsetnings- -
3 afsætningsmuligheder
pl marketing possibilities. -
4 avsetningsmulighet
subst. [ etterspørsel] sales opportunity, market potential, marketing possibilities -
5 avsetningsmuligheter
pl. marketing possibilities, market el. sales opportunities, market potential subst. (skogbruk) [ markedssituasjon] market conditions -
6 possibility
ˌpɔsəˈbɪlɪtɪ сущ. вероятность, возможность to raise a possibility ≈ увеличить вероятность чего-л. to exclude, rule out a possibility ≈ исключать возможность чего-л. strong possibility ≈ большая/сильная вероятность чего-л. remote, slim possibility ≈ малая вероятность, призрачная надежда, отдаленная возможность There's a strong possibility that the concert will be canceled. ≈ Существует высокая вероятность, что концерт отменят. Syn: probability возможность, вероятность - * of success возможность удачи - within the range /the bounds/ of * в пределах возможного - a degree of * степень вероятности - there's no * of recovery на выздоровление нет никаких надежд - there is no * of my going there совершенно невозможно /исключено/, чтобы я туда пошел - if by any * I am not there... если по каким-л. обстоятельствам /причинам, почему-л./ меня там не будет... часто pl возможности, перспективы, виды на будущее - infinite possibilities безграничные /неограниченные/ возможности - to have great possibilities иметь большие возможности - to foresee all possibilities предвидеть все возможное /все возможные варианты/ - to allow for all possibilities предусмотреть все - the new invention contains wonderful possibilities новое изобретение имеет большое будущее - there are great possibilities in this scheme этот план весьма перспективен /открывает большие возможности/ marketing ~ возможности сбыта possibility вероятность ~ возможность, вероятность ~ возможность ~ of borrowing возможность получения ссудыБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > possibility
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7 Absatzbewusstsein
Absatzbewusstsein
marketing (sales) mindedness, market orientedness;
• Absatzbezirk marketing territory;
• Absatzbild marketing picture;
• Absatzbranche marketing field;
• Absatzbuchhaltung marketing accounting;
• Absatzchance[n] opening, potential market (sales), sales prospects (possibilities, opportunities);
• wenig Absatzchancen bieten to be only a poor market;
• Absatzdenken marketing concept;
• sich immer mehr dem Absatzdenken zuwenden to grow in marketing mindedness;
• Absatzdiagramm sales curve (diagram);
• Absatzeinrichtungen distribution (distributive, marketing) facilities, sales devices;
• Absatzelastizität sales elasticity;
• Absatzentwicklung market development, sales trend;
• Absatzerfahrungen marketing experience (know-how);
• Absatzerfassung market coverage;
• Absatzergebnis sales result[s];
• Absatzerhöhung rise in sales;
• Absatzerkundung marketing research;
• Absatzerwägungen sales considerations, market (sales) prospects;
• Absatzfachleute marketing people;
• Absatzfachmann marketing (market-research) specialist, marketing analyst, marketing man, marketeer;
• aufgeschlossener Absatzfachmann development markete(e)r. -
8 Verkaufsauftragsformular
Verkaufsauftragsformular
vendor’s memorandum form;
• Verkaufsaufwendungen selling expense;
• Verkaufsausbildung sales training;
• Verkaufsausbildungskurs sales training course;
• Verkaufsausbildungsprogramm sales training program(me);
• Verkaufsauslage sales display;
• Verkaufsausrüstung sales kit (US);
• Verkaufsaussage sales message;
• Verkaufsaußendienst sales force;
• Verkaufsaussichten sales prospects (outlook), marketing outlook;
• Verkaufsausstellung fair, exhibition;
• Verkaufsautomat mechanical seller, automatic vending machine, vendor, automat (US);
• Verkaufsbasis sales base;
• Verkaufsbedingungen conditions of sale, sales conditions (terms, US), marketing conditions;
• erschwerende Verkaufsbedingungen onerous selling conditions;
• Verkaufsbegabung sales ability;
• Verkaufsbelebung revival of sale;
• Verkaufsbeleg sales slip (record);
• Verkaufsbemühungen sales (marketing) efforts;
• Verkaufsberater marketing adviser;
• Verkaufsberatung sales consulting;
• Verkaufsberechtigung selling right;
• Verkaufsbereich sales area (region), marketing (trading) area;
• Verkaufsbereitschaft readiness to sell;
• Verkaufsbericht sales report;
• Verkaufsbescheinigung sales sheet (ticket, US);
• Verkaufsbeschränkung[en] restriction on sales, selling (sales) restrictions;
• Verkaufsbeschränkungen für etw. festsetzen (anordnen) to place restrictions on the sale of s. th.;
• Verkaufsbestätigung sales confirmation;
• Verkaufsbewertung merchandise valuation;
• Verkaufsbezirk sales (marketing) territory;
• Verkaufsbrief sales letter;
• Verkaufsbuchhaltungssysteme sales accounting systems;
• Verkaufsbude stand, stall, sales booth, concession stand;
• Verkaufsbudget sales budget;
• Verkaufsbüro sales (selling) office (agency), [marketing] agency;
• Verkaufschancen sales prospects (possibilities), opening;
• Verkaufsdarbietungen auf einer Rednerbühne platform representations;
• seine Verkaufsdarbietungen den neuesten Erkenntnissen des Verkaufens anpassen to streamline one’s sales representation;
• Verkaufsdaten sales data;
• Verkaufsdatenabfrage sales data inquiry;
• Verkaufsdatum date sold (US);
• Verkaufsdelegation sales mission;
• Verkaufsdezernat sales section;
• Verkaufsdiagramm sales chart (curve, graph);
• Verkaufsdichte (Einzelhandel) sales density;
• Verkaufsdirektor sales manager;
• unter Verkaufsdruck liegen to be under selling pressure;
• Verkaufsdurchführung sales performance;
• Verkaufseinrichtungen sales devices, marketing (sales) facilities;
• ambulante Verkaufseinrichtung mobile selling unit;
• fahrbare Verkaufseinrichtung sales van (US);
• Verkaufsempfehlung sell recommendation;
• Verkaufsentwicklung development of sales;
• Verkaufserfahrung sales (merchandising) experience;
• industrielle Verkaufserfahrungen industrial sales background;
• Verkaufserfolg market success;
• erwartete Verkaufserfolge sales expectancy;
• Verkaufserfolg eines Verkäufers sales pitch.Business german-english dictionary > Verkaufsauftragsformular
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9 experiencia profesional
f.vocational experience.* * *(n.) = career experience, expertise, staff expertise, professional skills, professional expertise, professional experienceEx. The program's purpose is to enable U.S. librarians and publishers to enrich and broaden their career experience through a short period of overseas service.Ex. Its primary function is to provide a centre for software and hardware expertise for its members.Ex. By centralizing stock and staff it is possible for everyone to have access to a wider range of staff expertise.Ex. Chapter 1 provides an overview of today's reference services, suggesting the rich possibilities for applying basic professional skills.Ex. This article points the way to success through marketing, professional expertise and the personal touch.Ex. Data on doctoral graduates are discussed in terms of socioeconomic factors, educational background, position held, prior professional experience, salaries, professional membership, and publications.* * *(n.) = career experience, expertise, staff expertise, professional skills, professional expertise, professional experienceEx: The program's purpose is to enable U.S. librarians and publishers to enrich and broaden their career experience through a short period of overseas service.
Ex: Its primary function is to provide a centre for software and hardware expertise for its members.Ex: By centralizing stock and staff it is possible for everyone to have access to a wider range of staff expertise.Ex: Chapter 1 provides an overview of today's reference services, suggesting the rich possibilities for applying basic professional skills.Ex: This article points the way to success through marketing, professional expertise and the personal touch.Ex: Data on doctoral graduates are discussed in terms of socioeconomic factors, educational background, position held, prior professional experience, salaries, professional membership, and publications. -
10 parto
m.1 birth.estar de parto to be in laborparto natural natural childbirthparto prematuro premature birth2 childbirth, labor, accouchement, delivery.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: partir.* * *\estar de parto to be in labour (US labor)dolores de parto labour (US labor) painsparto múltiple multiple birthparto sin dolor painless birth* * *noun m.birth, delivery, labor* * *SM1) (Med) [gen] birth, delivery; (=contracciones) labour, labor (EEUU); (Zool) parturition2) (=creación) product, creationparto de los montes — anticlimax, bathos
* * *masculino (Med) labor*murió en el or de parto — she died in childbirth
* * *= childbirth, parturition, farrowing, delivery.Ex. Reading literature allows us to experience all kinds of human possibilities, from murder to childbirth, without suffering the consequences of undergoing the experiences in real life.Ex. The book contains the following chapters: practical horse nutrition; equine genetics; stallions; mares; parturition; care of mare and foal; and identification, selection, and marketing horses.Ex. Colostrum samples were taken from all sows at farrowing.Ex. Blood samples were collected from all subjects at delivery: 180 normal vaginal deliveries, 58 Caesarean sections, and 2 forceps-assisted deliveries.----* después del parto = postpartum.* dolores de parto = birth pangs.* parto con fórceps = forceps-assisted delivery, forceps delivery.* parto normal = vaginal delivery.* parto por cesárea = caesarean section.* * *masculino (Med) labor*murió en el or de parto — she died in childbirth
* * *= childbirth, parturition, farrowing, delivery.Ex: Reading literature allows us to experience all kinds of human possibilities, from murder to childbirth, without suffering the consequences of undergoing the experiences in real life.
Ex: The book contains the following chapters: practical horse nutrition; equine genetics; stallions; mares; parturition; care of mare and foal; and identification, selection, and marketing horses.Ex: Colostrum samples were taken from all sows at farrowing.Ex: Blood samples were collected from all subjects at delivery: 180 normal vaginal deliveries, 58 Caesarean sections, and 2 forceps-assisted deliveries.* después del parto = postpartum.* dolores de parto = birth pangs.* parto con fórceps = forceps-assisted delivery, forceps delivery.* parto normal = vaginal delivery.* parto por cesárea = caesarean section.* * *1 ( Med) labor*estar de parto to be in labortuvo un parto larguísimo she was in labor for a very long timefue un parto difícil it was a difficult birthprovocar el parto to induce labortuvieron que provocarle el parto she had to be inducedmurió en el or de parto she died during childbirthle teme al parto she's afraid of giving birthasistir en un parto to deliver a babyfue un parto prematuro she gave birth prematurely2(tarea difícil): al final lo terminó, pero aquello fue un parto he finally finished it, but it was like one of the labors of HerculesCompuestos:water birthmultiple birthnatural birthpain-free labor** * *
Del verbo partir: ( conjugate partir)
parto es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
Multiple Entries:
partir
parto
partir ( conjugate partir) verbo transitivo
‹nuez/avellana› to crack;
‹rama/palo› to break
‹ cabeza› to split open
verbo intransitivo
1
2a) parto DE algo ‹de una premisa/un supuesto› to start from sthb)◊ a partir de from;
a parto de ahora/ese momento from now on/that moment on;
a parto de hoy (as o starting) from today
partirse verbo pronominal
‹ diente› to break, chip
parto sustantivo masculino (Med) labor( conjugate labor);
fue un parto difícil it was a difficult birth;
provocar el parto to induce labor;
parto sin dolor pain-free labor( conjugate labor)
partir
I verbo transitivo
1 (romper, quebrar) to break: me parte el corazón verte tan desalentada, it's heartbreaking to see you so depressed
partir una nuez, to shell a walnut
2 (dividir) to split, divide
(con un cuchillo) to cut
II vi (irse) to leave, set out o off
♦ Locuciones: a partir de aquí/ahora, from here on/now on
a partir de entonces no volvimos a hablarnos, we didn't speak to each other from then on
parto sustantivo masculino childbirth, labour, US labor
' parto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alumbramiento
- provocar
English:
birth
- childbirth
- confinement
- deliver
- delivery
- induce
- induction
- labour
- labour pains
- natural childbirth
- smash
- stillbirth
- labor
- painless
* * *parto nm1. [de bebé] birth;los días anteriores al parto the days preceding the birth;estar de parto to be in labour;asistir en un parto to deliver a babyparto sin dolor painless childbirth;parto inducido induced labour;parto múltiple multiple birth;parto de nalgas breech delivery o birth;parto natural natural childbirth;parto prematuro premature birtheste proyecto ha tenido un parto muy difícil it was very difficult getting this project off the ground* * *m1 birth;sala de partos delivery room;estar de parto be in labor o Br labour* * *parto nm1) : childbirth, delivery, laborestar de parto: to be in labor2) : product, creation, brainchild* * *parto n birth -
11 range
range [reɪndʒ]portée ⇒ 1 (a) échelle ⇒ 1 (b) gamme ⇒ 1 (c) champ ⇒ 1 (d) étendue ⇒ 1 (d) parcourir ⇒ 2 (a), 3 (b) ranger ⇒ 2 (b), 2 (c) aller de…à ⇒ 3 (a)1 noun∎ medium-range or intermediate-range missiles missiles mpl à portée intermédiaire;∎ short/medium/long-range aircraft court-/moyen-/long-courrier m;∎ Meteorology short/long-range forecast prévisions fpl météorologiques à court/long terme;∎ at long/short range à longue/courte portée;∎ out of range hors de portée;∎ within (firing) range à portée de tir;∎ to be within hearing range être à portée de voix;∎ it can kill a man at a range of 800 metres ça peut tuer un homme à une distance de 800 mètres;∎ at point blank range à bout portant;∎ range of vision champ m visuel;∎ it gives you some idea of the range of their powers ça vous donne une petite idée de l'étendue de leurs pouvoirs∎ there is a wide range of temperatures in these parts il existe de très grands écarts de température dans ces régions;∎ children in the same age range les enfants dans la même tranche d'âge;∎ beyond one's range (note) hors de son registre;∎ within one's range (note) dans son registre;∎ it's within my price range c'est dans mes prix;∎ what is your price range? quel prix voulez-vous mettre?;∎ Stock Exchange opening/closing range fourchette f de cours d'ouverture/de clôture∎ we stock a wide range of office materials nous avons en stock une large gamme de matériels de bureaux;∎ the new autumn range (of clothes) la nouvelle collection d'automne;∎ this car is (at) the top/bottom of the range cette voiture est le modèle haut/bas de gamme;∎ the coat comes in a wide range of colours/sizes le manteau existe dans une gamme variée de couleurs/un grand choix de tailles;∎ an actor with a wide range of expressions un acteur qui a une gamme d'expressions très variée;∎ we talked on a wide range of topics nous avons discuté de sujets très divers;∎ she has a wide range of interests elle s'intéresse à beaucoup de choses;∎ to experience the full range of emotions passer par toute la gamme des émotions;∎ the range of possibilities is almost infinite l'éventail des possibilités est presque infini(d) (scope → of activity) champ m; (→ of knowledge, research) étendue f; (→ of inquiry, investigation) domaine m; Marketing (→ of advertising campaign) rayon m d'action;∎ that is beyond the range of the present inquiry cela ne relève pas de cette enquête;∎ that lies outside the range of my responsibility ça dépasse les limites de ma responsabilité(e) (of mountains) chaîne f(g) (for target practice) champ m de tir;∎ missile range champ m de tir de missiles(i) (row, line) rang m, rangée f(j) (in surveying) alignement m, direction f(a) (roam over) parcourir(b) (put in a row or in rows) ranger, mettre ou disposer en rang ou en rangs;∎ the troops ranged themselves in front of the embassy les troupes se rangèrent devant l'ambassade;∎ the desks are ranged in threes les pupitres sont en rangées de trois(c) (join, ally) ranger, rallier;∎ to range oneself with sb se ranger du côté de qn; (ideologically) s'aligner sur la position de qn;∎ to range oneself against sb s'opposer à qn;∎ the forces ranged against them les forces ralliées contre eux(e) Typography aligner, justifier;∎ ranged left/right justifié à gauche/à droite(f) (classify) classer, ranger∎ to range cattle élever du bétail dans la prairie∎ prices range from £15 to £150 les prix vont de 15 à 150 livres;∎ incomes ranging from £12,000 to £15,000 or between £12,000 and £15,000 revenus de l'ordre de 12 000 à 15 000 livres;∎ their ages range from 5 to 12 or between 5 and 12 ils ont de 5 à 12 ou entre 5 et 12 ans;∎ the quality ranges from mediocre to excellent la qualité varie de médiocre à excellent;∎ the survey ranged over the whole country l'enquête couvrait la totalité du pays;∎ our conversation ranged over a large number of topics nous avons discuté d'un grand nombre de sujets∎ to range over sth parcourir qch;∎ they range over the countryside ils parcourent la campagne;∎ thugs range through the city streets des voyous rôdent dans les rues de la ville;∎ his eyes ranged over the audience il parcourut l'auditoire des yeux(c) (gun, missile)∎ to range over avoir une portée de►► Marketing range addition ajout m à la gamme;American range cattle bétail m élevé dans la prairie;Marketing range stretching extension f de la gamme -
12 возможности сбыта
1) Economy: market expectations2) Diplomatic term: mark availability, mark opportunities, marketing opportunities, trade opportunities3) Advertising: sales possibilities4) Business: marketing possibility -
13 Handelsmenge
Handelsmenge
number of transactions;
• Handelsmesse trade fair (Br.);
• Handelsmetropole commercial metropolis;
• Handelsminister[in] President of the Board of Commerce (Board of Trade, Br.), Secretary of State for Trade (Br.), commerce secretary (US), Secretary of Commerce (US);
• Handelsministerium Board of Trade (Br.), Department of Commerce (US), Commerce Department (US);
• Handelsmissbrauch trade abuse;
• Handelsmission trade mission;
• Handelsmittelpunkt commercial (business) center (US) (centre, Br.);
• Handelsmöglichkeiten trading possibilities;
• Handels monopol trade (commercial) monopoly;
• Handelsmoral business morals (morality);
• Handelsmünze current coin;
• Handelsmuster sample [of merchandise], pattern of trade;
• Handelsnachbar trading neighbo(u)r;
• Handelsnachrichten financial columns, city article (Br.);
• Handelsname trade (business, commercial) name, style of a business firm;
• unter dem Handelsnamen firmieren to trade under the style;
• Handelsnation trading nation;
• Handelsniederlage errichten to staple;
• Handelsniederlassung trading post (station), trade settlement, staple, commercial factory (location);
• Handelsobjekte trade-offs;
• Handelsoffensive trade offensive;
• internationale Handelsordnung international trading system;
• Handelsorganisation business (trade) organization;
• Internationale Handelsorganisation International Trade Organization (ITO);
• Handelspapier commercial instrument, negotiable paper;
• kurzfristiges Handelspapier commercial paper (US);
• Handelsparität commercial parity (US);
• Handelspartner [business] partner, trading partner;
• erstrangiger Handelspartner major commercial partners;
• Handelspfund avoirdupois pound;
• Handelsplatz trading post (town), staple place, marketing center (US) (centre, Br.), market;
• Handelsplatz ersten Ranges emporium, commercial center (US) (centre, Br.). -
14 unlimited
unlimited [‚ʌn'lɪmɪtɪd](possibilities, space) illimité, sans limites; (power) illimité, sans bornes; (time) infini, illimité; Marketing (guarantee, warranty) illimité;∎ there was unlimited coffee il y avait du café à volonté;∎ he has an unlimited fund of stories il a un stock d'histoires inépuisableComputing unlimited e-mail addresses nombre m d'adresses électroniques illimité;unlimited liability responsabilité f illimitée;unlimited travel nombre m de voyages illimité -
15 Whinfield, John Rex
[br]b. 16 February 1901 Sutton, Surrey, Englandd. 6 July 1955 Dorking, Surrey, England[br]English inventor ofTerylene.[br]Whinfield was educated at Merchant Taylors' School and Caius College, Cambridge, where he studied chemistry. Before embarking on his career as a research chemist, he worked as an un-paid assistant to the chemist C.F. Cross, who had taken part in the discovery of rayon. Whinfield then joined the Calico Printers' Association. There his interest was aroused by the discovery of nylon by W.H. Carothers to seek other polymers which could be produced in fibre form, usable by the textile industries. With his colleague J.T. Dickson, he discovered in 1941 that a polymerized condensate of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, polyethylene terephthgal-late, could be drawn into strong fibres. Whinfield and Dickson filed a patent application in the same year, but due to war conditions it was not published until 1946. The Ministry of Supply considered that the new material might have military applications and undertook further research and development. Its industrial and textile possibilities were evaluated by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in 1943 and "Terylene", as it came to be called, was soon recognized as being as important as nylon.In 1946, Dupont acquired rights to work the Calico Printers' Association patent in the USA and began large-scale manufacture in 1954, marketing the product under the name "Dacron". Meanwhile ICI purchased world rights except for the USA and reached the large-scale manufacture stage in 1955. A new branch of the textile industry has grown up from Whinfield's discovery: he lived to see most people in the western world wearing something made of Terylene. It was one of the major inventions of the twentieth century, yet Whinfield, perhaps because he published little, received scant recognition, apart from the CBE in 1954.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCBE 1954.Further ReadingObituary, 1966, The Times (7 July).Obituary, 1967, Chemistry in Britain 3:26.J.Jewkes, D.Sawers and R.Stillerman, 1969, The Sources of Invention, 2nd edn, London: Macmillan.LRD
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